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The Benchmarks in Friday Pulse have been calculated from our large research data set.
The benchmark data comes from a large global survey of representatively sampled respondents that covered 8 countries: USA, UK, Canada, Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands and Australia.
To be statistically robust, we use this research data rather than our own client data. The research data covers a representative sample, where our clients are often organizations that are already interested in this area and so their results are likely to be skewed higher than the general population.
Benchmarks were calculated for overall Happiness at Work and for each of the Five Ways to Happiness at Work – Connect, Be Fair, Challenge, Empower and Inspire. Five Ways scores were created by calculating the mean of the scores for the three questions under each Way.
A multi-variate regression was conducted with Happiness and each of the Five Ways Happiness as dependent variables, plus all nine benchmarking variables as independents. We used the ‘UNIANOVA’ model in the statistics software package SPSS, which allows categorical variables to be entered without having to create dummy variables. The regression produced a set of parameter estimates, then further work was required to convert this into a formula to use for benchmarking.
Ultimately, we were able to produce a formula that can be used to calculate a benchmark based on the demographics of any given respondent in Friday. The formula looks like:
Benchmark = β1 + β2 + β3 + ... + α
Where β1 may be the beta parameter for the country of the respondent, β2 the beta parameter for their sector, β3 for their organization size, and so on.
Using this formula we calculated three benchmark variables for Friday: country, sector and organizational size.
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Statistical notes: